The hip serves as a crucial joint facilitating walking, running, and jumping. It consists of a ball-and-socket joint formed by the rounded end of the femur (thighbone) and the cup-shaped socket of the acetabulum (part of the hip bone). Joint stability in the hip region is maintained by the labrum, a robust fibrous cartilage covering the acetabulum, along with ligaments and tendons surrounding the hip, which regulate its movements.
Snapping hip syndrome is characterized by an audible or palpable snapping sensation in the hip during activities like leg swinging, running, walking, or rising from a chair. The movement of muscles or tendons over a bony prominence in the hip area produces the snapping sound, which can occur in the back, front, or side of the hip. While typically painless and harmless, it may cause discomfort and weakness in some individuals, particularly those engaged in sports or dance activities involving repetitive hip movements. In some cases, the syndrome can lead to bursitis, a painful inflammation of fluid-filled sacs known as bursae, which cushion the hip joint.
Causes
Tightness in the muscles and tendons surrounding the hip is the most common cause of snapping hip syndrome. Occasionally, a loose piece of cartilage, cartilage tear, or fragments of broken cartilage or bone within the joint space can also generate the snapping sound. This may result in hip locking, causing disability alongside pain, although this is less frequent.
Treatment
Initial recommendations may include rest and activity modification, followed by conservative therapeutic options:
Minor snapping hip pain can be managed with home remedies such as applying ice to the affected area, using NSAIDs to alleviate discomfort, and avoiding repetitive hip movements by modifying activities. If discomfort persists, consult your doctor.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will review your medical history and symptoms and conduct a physical examination to identify the underlying cause of snapping. You may be asked to replicate the snapping sound by moving your hip in various directions. Imaging tests may be ordered to rule out bone and joint issues.
Physical Therapy
Your doctor may prescribe specific exercises to strengthen and stretch the muscles surrounding the hip, often guided by a physical therapist. Tendon stretching exercises like the iliotibial band stretch and piriformis stretch may be recommended based on the type of snapping experienced.
Corticosteroid Injection
In cases of hip bursitis, your doctor may suggest a corticosteroid injection into the bursa to reduce pain and inflammation.
Surgical Treatment
Surgery is rare but may be considered if conservative approaches fail to alleviate symptoms. Surgical options include hip arthroscopy, which involves removing or repairing the torn labrum, or an open procedure for better access to address snapping hip issues.